ValueError: math domain error
Your code is doing a log of a number that is less than or equal to zero. That's mathematically undefined, so Python's log function raises an exception. Here's an example:
>>> from math import log>>> log(-1)Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#59>", line 1, in <module> log(-1)ValueError: math domain errorWithout knowing what your newtonRaphson2 function does, I'm not sure I can guess where the invalid x[2] value is coming from, but hopefully this will lead you on the right track.
you are getting math domain error for either one of the reason :either you are trying to use a negative number inside log function or a zero value.
You may also use math.log1p.
According to the official documentation :
math.log1p(x)
Return the natural logarithm of 1+x (base e). The result is calculated in a way which is accurate for x near zero.
You may convert back to the original value using math.expm1 which returns e raised to the power x, minus 1.