Running Selenium headless without using xvfb

I don't think you'll be able to run a browser without running an X server.

If you don't like Xvfb, then as Pascal said, your best bet might be to run a VNC server -- I personally like Xtightvnc. This means you're running a (headless) X server that you can VNC into at any time, in case things go wrong and you want to look at it. I always have a VNC server running, and I'm running my tests with the $DISPLAY environment variable pointing to that server.

(Someone's downvoted me, so maybe I should clarify: X11 VNC servers like Xtightvnc are not the same as the usual VNC servers on Windows or OS X, which would simply share your existing screen on the network. Do not confuse. ;-) )

I'm surprised. I've used Selenium and Xvfb several times without any problems and many others users are doing so too. Can you be more specific about your setup and the problems you are facing? How do you start Xvfb? Can you provide xvfb.log?

However, to answer your question, it is possible to use an X VNC server. See for example this page for some instructions. It's actually hard to be more precise without any details about your configuration.

Run chrome browser with --headless, also it allows you to reduce resource usage.UseChromeOptions.addArguments("--headless", "window-size=1024,768", "--no-sandbox")to achieve it. This scheme assumes installed the Chrome browser and Chromedriver.

Here is my simple Selenium java test that is use in my Jenkins job

    package com.gmail.email;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;import org.junit.AfterClass;import org.junit.Assert;import org.junit.BeforeClass;import org.junit.Test;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;public class FirstTest {    private static ChromeDriver driver;    WebElement element;    @BeforeClass    public static void openBrowser(){        ChromeOptions ChromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();        ChromeOptions.addArguments("--headless", "window-size=1024,768", "--no-sandbox");        driver = new ChromeDriver(ChromeOptions);        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);    }    @Test // Marking this method as part of the test    public void gotoHelloWorldPage() {        // Go to the Hello World home page        driver.get("http://webapp:8080/helloworld/");        // Get text from heading of the Hello World page        String header = driver.findElement(By.tagName("h2")).getText();        // Verify that header equals "Hello World!"        Assert.assertEquals(header, "Hello World!");    }    @AfterClass    public static void closeBrowser(){        driver.quit();    }}

More details herehttps://github.com/SeleniumHQ/docker-selenium/issues/429