How to get last command run without using `!!`?

You can use the fc built-in to access the history programmatically. For example, I believe this will behave as you wish:

alias _!='fc -e "sed -i -e \"s/^/sudo /\""'

With no arguments, fc (short for "fix command") fires up $EDITOR on your previous command and runs the result of your editing. You can specify a different editor with the -e option; here, I'm specifying a non-interactive one in the form of a sed command that will insert sudo in front of the command line.

The command assumes GNU sed. As written, it will also work with the version that ships on modern BSD/macOS, but by way of a hackcident: it treats the -e as an argument to -i instead of a new option. Since the -e is optional with only one expression, this works fine, but it means that sed makes a backup of the temp file with -e on the end, which will hang around after the command completes. You can make that cleaner by using this alternative version on those systems:

alias _!='fc -e "sed -i \"\" -e \"s/^/sudo /\""'

(That won't work with GNU sed, which sees the empty string argument as a filename to operate on...)

On older systems, a more portable solution could use ed:

alias _!="fc -e 'ed -s <<<$'\''s/^/sudo /\nw\nq'\'"

You can often get away with something simpler, like sudo $(fc -ln -1) (-l = list commands, -n = without numbers, -1 = only the last command), but in general you will run into quoting issues, since the command is output by fc the way it was typed:

% touch '/etc/foo bar'touch: /etc/foo bar: Permission denied% sudo $(fc -ln -1)touch: '/etc/foo: No such file or directory

None of the above is limited to zsh, btw; fc dates to the original version of ksh, so it will also work in bash, etc.

This fc command will always give most recently executed command in zsh and in bash:

fc -ln -1

As per help fc:

 -l (letter el) list lines instead of editing -n omit line numbers when listing

-1 (minus one) gets the just executed command.

Found a amazing widget to sudo:

sudo-command-line() {    [[ -z $BUFFER ]] && zle up-history    [[ $BUFFER != sudo\ * ]] && {      typeset -a bufs      bufs=(${(z)BUFFER})      if (( $+aliases[$bufs[1]] )); then        bufs[1]=$aliases[$bufs[1]]      fi      bufs=(sudo $bufs)      BUFFER=$bufs    }    zle end-of-line}zle -N sudo-command-linebindkey "\e\e" sudo-command-line

Author:lilydjwg

The following is the way to run the last command in command:

fc -ln -1 is the simplest way, but one problem, when run something with some spaces at the beginning of the command, this command won't shown up in history, anything based on history won't work properly.

So we need ZLE(Zsh Line Editor) to store the command manually.

Store_Your_Command () {    if [[ -z $BUFFER ]]    then        # If nothing input, just clear the screen        zle clear-screen    else        zle accept-line        # Remember the last command, useful in some alias        # Add space at the beginning of a command, this command wont        # show up in history, so use variables to store the command        LAST_COMMAND=$CURRENT_COMMAND        CURRENT_COMMAND=$BUFFER    fi}# Create a user-defined widgetzle -N Store_Your_Command# Bind it to the **Enter** keybindkey "^M" Store_Your_Command

Then whenever we press enter to run a command, this command will be stored in $CURRENT_COMMAND, and the last command will be stored in $LAST_COMMAND.

Want to run the last command? Just run eval $LAST_COMMAND, you can also put it to your alias.

When some alias in the last command, zsh wont run the last command correctly, so we need to expand our alias: when we input an alias, replace the alias to the original command/content, with help of the builtin zle: _expand_alias.

First, delete the widget we just added.Add those to your .zshrc:

# When input space, expand alias -----------------------------------{{{expand_alias_space () {    zle _expand_alias    zle self-insert}zle -N expand_alias_spacebindkey " " expand_alias_space# }}}# When input enter, expand alias -----------------------------------{{{expand_alias_enter () {    if [[ -z $BUFFER ]]    then        zle clear-screen    else        zle _expand_alias        zle accept-line        # Remember the last command, useful in some alias        # Add space at the beginning of a command, this command won't        # show up in history, so use variables to store the command        LAST_COMMAND=$CURRENT_COMMAND        CURRENT_COMMAND=$BUFFER    fi}zle -N expand_alias_enterbindkey "^M" expand_alias_enter# }}}

Now we can expand alias to the original command/content by press Space key or just press Enter key to run the command, and use eval $LAST_COMMAND to run the last command without any problems.

But it will call another problem when run a command use eval $LAST_COMMAND twice:

zsh: job table full or recursion limit exceeded

We need to replace eval $LAST_COMMAND to the real command, because $LAST_COMMAND always change.We write a function run the last command like this

# Echo the last command fun(){    # The command we need to run in this function    CURRENT_COMMAND="echo \[`echo $LAST_COMMAND`\]"    # run the command     eval $CURRENT_COMMAND}

The command stored in $CURRENT_COMMAND wont change like eval $LAST_COMMAND does.problem sloved.

No more problem I hope