Specify SELECT timeout for SQLITE
For a simple select query, no, there doesn't appear to be a way to set a timeout, or maximum time to execute, on SQLite itself. The only mention of timeout in the documentation is the busy timeout. So, if you need to limit the maximum amount of time a select query can take, you'll need to wrap your connection with a timeout in the application level, and cancel/close your connection if that timeout is exceeded. How to do that would obviously be application/language specific.
For a busy timeout (the timeout before the connection stops waiting for locks to clear) you can do it through the provided C interface, or through the SQLite driver provided to your application.