how do you not print if x is the same?

you could make a variable called old_x, store the last value of x in there, and put an if-statement around the Label line, so that it only prints if x is not old_x

import pyperclipfrom tkinter import *r = Tk()def aper():    global x    global old_x    x = pyperclip.waitForPaste()    if x != old_x:        Label(r, text = x).pack()        old_x = x    r.after(2000, aper)old_x = Noner.after(2000, aper)r.mainloop()

You can simply add an IF statement to check the old value of x and then update when needed.

That said I replace your import of tkinter to be import tkinter as tk. This will help prevent overwriting anything being imported. Just good practice.

Here is a non OOP example.

import tkinter as tkimport pyperclipr = tk.Tk()x = ''def aper():    global x    y = pyperclip.waitForPaste()    if x != y:        x = y        tk.Label(r, text=x).pack()    r.after(2000, aper)r.after(2000, aper)r.mainloop()

Here is an OOP example. This helps you prevent the need to use global. In general it is good to avoid global. There are some good post about this if you want to know more.

import tkinter as tkimport pyperclipclass App(tk.Tk):    def __init__(self):        super().__init__()        self.x = ''        print('t')    def aper(self):        y = pyperclip.waitForPaste()        if self.x != y:            self.x = y            tk.Label(self, text=self.x).pack()        self.after(2000, self.aper)if __name__ == '__main__':    App().mainloop()