Build typescript vue apps with only babel?
Unfortunately you cannot build with babel, as it only transpiles languages and it cannot build modules. You will still need some type of bundler to resolve require / import imports. If you don't want giant hefty webpack configs you can look at Rollup or Parcel
If you want to actually just compile you typescript and vue typescript you need to install @babel/preset-typescript @babel/preset-env, include them in .babelrc file.
Then use babel ./src/main.ts --out-dir build --extensions ".ts" or better yet use locally installed babel ./node_modules/.bin/babel ./src/main.ts --out-dir build --extensions ".ts"