Avoid crash after doing mmap() on a file that is unmounted

First of all, I would like to say this should serve as a good argument not to use mmap unnecessarily as an "optimized read" or similar. Aside from device removal, issues like file truncation by other processes can cause accesses to fault with SIGBUS.

If you do really need to use mmap, you could install a signal handler for SIGBUS. Its task should basically be to:

1. Set a global (or thread-local, if your program is multi-threaded) flag that a SIGBUS occurred, so the faulting code can be aware.
2. Call mmap with MAP_FIXED to map a new anonymous page over top of the faulting page. Optionally fill it with data which will be recognized by the code accessing the map as erroneous; this could make step 1 unnecessary.

An alternative approach would be to set a global (or thread-local) jmp_buf before accessing the map, and have the signal handler simply call longjmp.

Note that neither mmap nor longjmp is async-signal-safe, but the SIGBUS in question is not an asynchronous signal (although it should perhaps be considered one if the faulting access happened inside a non-async-signal-safe library function such as sscanf). As long as it's your own code, and not library functions, accessing the map, you should be safe with either. And mmap is async-signal-safe in most/all real-world implementations, so you should be okay with the first solution in practice even if it's not formally correct.

The simplest thing is to set up a signal handler that will check for accesses to memory locations that correspond to mmaped addresses.

You would use the sigaction form of signal handlers, rather than the simpler signal handlers as sigaction handlers receive information in the struct __siginfo * parameter corresponding to the address of the signal. This can be checked to see if it is within the address range of the mmaped file.

mmap is great when you don't want to deal with the complications of buffer reading/writing of data, but you only get one form of error (a signal) due to something going wrong. with the read/write mechanism, you can get the errno and determine what happened. It is very much a developer choice in this case.

To jump to a location after receiving the signal then you will need to make use of the setjmp and longjmp/siglongjmp - see some use of this in this question

Do not access a file that is not available. Check whether the file is still there, or use a file which cannot be unmounted.