Executing binary: `GLIBCXX_3.4.11' not found
If you've got the correct version of libstdc++.so.6 installed elsewhere (e.g. in your home directory), you can either set LD_LIBRARY_PATH or use LD_PRELOAD, seeWhat is the LD_PRELOAD trick?
The libstdc++ FAQ answers your original question: http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/faq.html#faq.how_to_set_paths
For the update, that shouldn't happen. The newer libstdc++.so thaqt should be found in your LD_LIBRARY_PATH provides all the symbols of the older one. Maybe /var/scratch/user/local/lib/libopencv_features2d.so.2.2 was linked to an absolute path, not to the SONAME libstdc++.so.6, you could check that by running:
ldd /var/scratch/user/local/lib/libopencv_features2d.so.2.2