Try one of these:
gdb -p 12271gdb /path/to/exe 12271gdb /path/to/exe(gdb) attach 12271
The first argument should be the path to the executable program. So
gdb progname 12271
With a running instance of myExecutableName having a PID 15073:
myExecutableName
15073
hitting Tab twice after $ gdb myExecu in the command line, will automagically autocompletes to:
$ gdb myExecu
$ gdb myExecutableName 15073
and will attach gdb to this process. That's nice!