Symfony2: automatically logging in users from their Windows session
Take a look at the classes in the Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Firewall folder.
You should also read this thread with some more useful information on implementing your own AuthenticationListener: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/symfony-devs/oSUqDyMsZpI
This page from the documentation should give you everything you need on implementing your own listener: http://symfony.com/doc/current/cookbook/security/custom_authentication_provider.html