Why building the same project generates different EXE file for each developer
If Debug version has the option "Link incrementally" checked, then probably it's the reason for the diffs.
Since 0x20 is the difference between upper and lower case ASCII characters I wonder if these differences happen to be in file paths that the compiler/linker embed in the binary (assert messages perhaps?). Could your dev trees be different ("C:\DevTrees\MyProject\SuperFoo" on one box and "E:\work\projects\superfoo" on another?).
I agree with what NickD says. During debug, incremental linking is on which doesn't rebuild the exe from scratch, but appends/inserts/removes code here and there for each build.
I.e. the layout of the exe depends on every compilation since the first.
A clean build should yield identical results on identical compilers.