Stretch empty WPF ListView to take the remaining space

This has nothing to do with the ListView. It is the StackPanel's "fault". In a StackPanel the child items always consume only the space they need (in the direction of the orientation of the StackPanel). That's how the StackPanel is designed. Use a DockPanel instead, there you can make the last item fill up all the space that is left over using LastChildFill="true" (true is default, so no need to explicity specify it).

<DockPanel Background="Green">    <Button DockPanel.Dock="Top">Text</Button>    <ListView DockPanel.Dock="Top">        <ListView.View>            <GridView>                <GridViewColumn/>            </GridView>        </ListView.View>    </ListView>     </DockPanel>

How about using a grid? Grids are made for this kind of layout. The DockPanel is a good suggestion too.

  <Grid>      <Grid.RowDefinitions>      <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>      <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>      <RowDefinition Height="*"/>     </Grid.RowDefinitions>   <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" Text="row1"/>   <Button Grid.Row="1" Content="row2"/>   <ListView Grid.Row="2">     <ListViewItem Content="Text"/>     <ListViewItem Content="Text1"/>     <ListViewItem Content="Text2"/>   </ListView>  </Grid>

The important part is the Height="*", this tells the row to take up all available space, you can leave this out if you want as it is the default behaviour.