What do the XML Elements in an .xcscheme file do

Be forewarned, this is only a partial answer from a non-iOS developer because I believe the question qualifies for closing because of a lack of research:

Answering what all of those values mean would be overly time consuming and a waste of that time for someone not involved in your project (the information is out there, though). Engineering requires wading through documentation and endless websites to answer even a small piece of information when needed.

Google Something More Unique

Everything below is what I was able to do in about fifteen minutes of Googling (granted, the Titolo resource I am about to reference was published in 2015, your question in 2013):

As I am not an iOS developer, I can't speak to the validity of these types of resources; however, they seem legit. I Googled BlueprintIdentifier because that seemed unique enough and was able to find some good stuff on the second page of Google.

Michelle Titolo has done a good job of describing the purpose of the following XML body (and the terminology necessary to understand it):

<BuildActionEntry    buildForTesting = ""    buildForRunning = ""    buildForProfiling = ""    buildForArchiving = ""    buildForAnalyzing = "">    <BuildableReference       BuildableIdentifier = ""       BlueprintIdentifier = ""       BuildableName = ""       BlueprintName = ""       ReferencedContainer = "">    </BuildableReference> </BuildActionEntry>

What About the Other Stuff

These really are covered by the documentation that @Antarr Byrd posted in a comment early on. For instance, BuildableIdentifier is covered under the documentation for the BuildableReference node as are things like LaunchAction.

The more I go back to Google, the more I read, the more I am convinced all of those values are adequately documented by the documentation. They may not be in an expected format, but they are certainly documented.

Documentation is the result of human-written "stuff". The people that write this may not always organize in a digestible fashion; however, that doesn't mean the information is not there.